WO1984004052A1 - Procede et dispositif pour purifier des gaz de leurs particules electriquement conductrices - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour purifier des gaz de leurs particules electriquement conductrices Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1984004052A1
WO1984004052A1 PCT/DE1984/000039 DE8400039W WO8404052A1 WO 1984004052 A1 WO1984004052 A1 WO 1984004052A1 DE 8400039 W DE8400039 W DE 8400039W WO 8404052 A1 WO8404052 A1 WO 8404052A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrodes
particles
gas stream
gas
charged
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1984/000039
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ilan Brauer
Gerhard Brueggen
Manfred Gaugler
Dieter Karr
Original Assignee
Bosch Gmbh Robert
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bosch Gmbh Robert filed Critical Bosch Gmbh Robert
Publication of WO1984004052A1 publication Critical patent/WO1984004052A1/fr

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/14Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by the additional use of mechanical effects, e.g. gravity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03CMAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/017Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
    • B03C3/0175Amassing particles by electric fields, e.g. agglomeration
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/01Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for cleaning gases, according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • soot-containing gases are first fed to an electrostatic separator and then to a mechanical separator.
  • charge carriers are generated in a corona discharge, which accumulate on soot particles and cause them to precipitate on an earthed chamber wall. Larger soot flakes are removed from there and fed to a mechanical soot separator in a second process.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that high electric field strengths are required to generate the corona discharge and that considerable electrical power is provided to maintain the corona discharge.
  • the provision of this service in a high chip field requires a great deal of technical effort.
  • this older method there is no continuous operation, because the precipitates formed on the walls of the electrostatic separation arrangement must first be removed in a separate process step before they can be finally eliminated in a mechanical separation process.
  • the method according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim and the associated device have the advantage that a continuous work process is made possible with little electrical and mechanical effort, in which small, finely divided particles are combined to form larger agglomerates, which because of their relatively large mass can be easily separated in mechanical separators.
  • the outlay on equipment required for this is low because a mechanical separator for relatively large particles can be constructed simply.
  • the electrical power consumed is very small since the field strength within the arrangement lies below the ionization field strength, so that only a small current flows in the device.
  • the possibility of using a centrifugal separator or a similarly simple other mechanical separator means that the exhaust gas flow is only slightly impeded by the downstream mechanical separator.
  • an arrangement in which the cleaning chamber has a prechamber from which the gas flow is separated has proven particularly useful two preferably tubular electrodes lying at opposite potential are removed. In this way, the separation of the gas stream can be achieved with little expenditure on equipment, and the electrical insulation of the electrodes which are at high voltage potential and are assigned to the different gas streams is particularly simple.
  • the two electrodes are expediently arranged on a common insulator.
  • the electrodes In order to ensure that all the particles in the various gas streams are charged, particularly large surfaces are sought for the electrodes, in order to ensure at least a one-time impact of the particles to be separated on the assigned electrode.
  • the large surface area is obtained in a particularly simple manner by using pressed or molded articles made of metal wool or metal chips.
  • the electrodes are expediently tubular and filled with metal wool or metal chips.
  • the cleaning chamber is at ground potential.
  • there is a further electric field between each electrode and the chamber wall if one electrode has a positive potential against ground and the other electrode has a negative potential against ground, preferably in each case at the same height.
  • the electric field between the electrodes and the mass is traversed by the recombined gas flows with the particle agglomerates.
  • a dipole formation on the agglomerates is superimposed on the previously described process, so that these agglomerate into even larger agglomerates before they form the chamber in the direction of a subsequent one mechanical separator. Large agglomerates are formed from the particles to be separated, so that the separation conditions in the downstream mechanical separator are further facilitated.
  • the gas stream originally present is expediently divided into two identical gas streams and passed over two electrodes that are mirror images of one another.
  • the electrodes are preferably at the same, but opposite, direct voltage potentials with respect to ground in order to obtain symmetrical, easily manageable conditions in the system.
  • the fluidic design of the arrangement is particularly simplified.
  • the formation of charged soot particles on the electrodes can be explained as follows:
  • the soot particles are electrically conductive, they hit the metallic surface of the electrodes in the neutral state. Since the electrodes have a high electrical potential, the soot particles take on the electrical potential of the electrode surface during contact, this is done by the exchange of charges between the soot particles and the electrode.
  • Figure 1 shows the principle of the device according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the device. Description of the embodiments
  • an arrow 9 denotes a gas stream which is to be cleaned of electrically conductive particles, in particular combustion residues of fossil fuels.
  • An essential area of application of the method according to the invention is the cleaning of diesel engine exhaust gases from soot particles.
  • the gas flow enters a metallic housing 10 in the region of two insulating end walls 11 and 12.
  • the grounded, metallic jacket of the housing is designated by 13.
  • the centrifugal separator 15 has a clean gas outlet i ⁇ and an outlet 17 for the separated particles.
  • the gas stream 9 is distributed to a first sub-line 19 and a second sub-line 20, which each have the same cross-section, so that the two gas streams are approximately the same size.
  • the first sub-line 19 leads to a negative electrode 21, the second sub-line 20 to a positive electrode 22.
  • large surfaces are sought, which are obtained by fillings 23, 24 made of metal wool.
  • insulating material pipes 25 and 26 are inserted into the leads 19 and 20.
  • FIG. 1 The arrangement according to FIG. 1 works as follows:
  • the gas stream 9 to be cleaned with the electrically conductive particles (not shown) is divided into two sub-streams via the two sub-lines 19 and 20, which get into the interior of the housing 10 via the electrodes 21 and 22.
  • the particles entrained in the gas stream are initially neutral and are charged by the addition or discharge of electrons upon impact on the large surfaces of the electrodes 21 and 22 in such a way that they move towards one another in the electric field E1.
  • the originally small, electrically neutral particles become larger agglomerates via the intermediate stage, which are entrained in the gas stream 9 in the direction of the centrifugal separator.
  • FIG. 2 shows the construction of a preferred embodiment of a device according to Figure 1.
  • the gas stream 9 enters the metallic housing 10 via the feed line 18 and leaves it via the outlet -14.
  • a two-chamber arrangement with a prechamber 27 and a recombination chamber 28, which is penetrated by two tubular electrodes 21 and 22 which are at opposite potential.
  • the electrode 21 is in turn at a negative high-voltage potential, the electrode 22 at a positive direct-voltage potential, which is selected in relation to the arrangement such that a field strength of about 5 kV / cm below the ionization field strength is also established here.
  • the two electrodes 21 and 22 are mechanically held together in an insulator 29 which separates the pre-chamber 27 from the recombination chamber 28.
  • the gas to be cleaned is distributed approximately uniformly over the two tubular electrodes.
  • the electrodes also form the gas supply lines.
  • Inside the electrodes 21 and 22 are again pressed metal wool or pressed metal chips, which form the necessary large surface area of the electrodes in order to ensure a sufficient frequency of impact of the particles to be separated with the surface of the electrodes.
  • the charged particles leave with the Gas flows the tubular electrodes 21 and 22 at perforated areas 30 and 31, which are adjacent to one another.
  • the charged particles now again move towards one another in the electric field E1 and are combined to form larger agglomerates.
  • the device according to FIG. 2 has, instead of four isolation areas, only two isolation areas on the insulator 29, where the two electrodes 21 and 22, which are at high voltage, are electrically and mechanically connected.
  • the device has approximately the shape of a muffler of a motor vehicle, the gas to be cleaned entering the device via a single feed line 18 and leaving it via a single outlet line 14.
  • the insulator 29 also ensures spatial separation within the arrangement between the pre-chamber 27 and the recombination chamber 28. This arrangement allows a particularly flat construction, which enables installation, for example, in a motor vehicle driven by a diesel engine without difficulty.
  • a deposit of the particles occurs only to a very small extent on the jacket 13 of the device, since these particles essentially lie in the area between the Electrodes 21 and 22 are neutralized.
  • the dipoles arising in the electric field between the electrodes and the chamber jacket 13 immediately assemble with other dipole agglomerates, so that almost no deposition occurs on the jacket 13 under the influence of the electric fields. Rather, the agglomerates, which in turn are neutralized, leave the device almost completely via the outlet 14 to the downstream mechanical separator, not shown.

Abstract

Procédé et dispositif pour purifier des gaz (9) de leurs particules électriquement conductrices, en particulier pour purifier des gaz d'échappement de moteur Diesel de leurs particules de suie. Conformément à la présente invention, l'écoulement gazeux avec les particules principalement neutres est divisé en au moins deux écoulements partiels (19, 20) qui sont dirigés vers deux électrodes (21 et 22) de potentiel opposé et qui s'y chargent à la suite des collisions avec les électrodes. Les particules chargées de manière différente se déplacent sous l'influence du champ électrique (E1) et se réunissent pour former des agglomérats plus grands, par contre électriquement neutres, qui peuvent être aisément séparés de l'écoulement gazeux dans un séparateur mécanique (15) situé en aval.
PCT/DE1984/000039 1983-04-19 1984-02-21 Procede et dispositif pour purifier des gaz de leurs particules electriquement conductrices WO1984004052A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3314168A DE3314168C2 (de) 1983-04-19 1983-04-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Gasen von elektrisch leitfähigen Partikeln

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1984004052A1 true WO1984004052A1 (fr) 1984-10-25

Family

ID=6196784

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1984/000039 WO1984004052A1 (fr) 1983-04-19 1984-02-21 Procede et dispositif pour purifier des gaz de leurs particules electriquement conductrices

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0139668A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3314168C2 (fr)
IT (1) IT1196084B (fr)
WO (1) WO1984004052A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986003553A1 (fr) * 1984-12-13 1986-06-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Installation de depuration des gaz
EP0185966A1 (fr) * 1984-12-21 1986-07-02 BBC Brown Boveri AG Procédé et dispositif de dépoussiérage d'un courant de gaz contenant des particules solides ou liquides au moyen d'un champ électrique
EP0238970A1 (fr) * 1986-03-26 1987-09-30 BBC Brown Boveri AG Procédé et dispositif pour l'agglomération de particules solides ou fluides en suspension dans un courant gazeux, chargées électriquement de polarité opposée
DE3815296A1 (de) * 1988-05-05 1989-11-16 Intospace Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum separieren von in gasen, in fluessigkeiten und/oder in oder an partikeln befindlichen substanzen
WO1991003631A1 (fr) * 1988-03-11 1991-03-21 Fleck Carl M Filtre a gaz d'echappement diesel
WO1995017239A1 (fr) * 1993-12-22 1995-06-29 Philips Electronics N.V. Appareil permettant d'enlever des particules d'un fluide
WO2003049866A1 (fr) * 2001-12-06 2003-06-19 Midwest Research Institute Procede et appareil electrostatiques d'agglomeration

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3314170A1 (de) * 1983-04-19 1984-10-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Verfahren und vorrichtung zum reinigen von gasen von leitfaehigen partikeln
DE3634538C2 (de) * 1986-10-10 1994-01-20 Hoelter Heinz Elektrofilter zur Reinhaltung von Luft
DE4412345A1 (de) * 1994-04-11 1995-10-12 Abb Management Ag Verfahren zur Reinigung von Abgasen
KR0148563B1 (ko) * 1995-12-28 1998-10-01 전경호 내연기관 및 외연기관에 있어서 매연처리 저감방법 및 그 장치

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR581530A (fr) * 1923-12-15 1924-12-01 Minami Manshu Tetsudo Kabushik Perfectionnements dans les séparateurs de poussières
FR2322661A1 (fr) * 1975-09-03 1977-04-01 Rochefoucauld Georges De Dispositif permettant d'eliminer des particules fines en suspension dans un gaz
JPS55109423A (en) * 1979-02-16 1980-08-22 Hitachi Ltd Mist recovery apparatus
JPS57165616A (en) * 1981-04-04 1982-10-12 Nippon Soken Inc Exhaust gas purifier for internal combustion engine

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR581530A (fr) * 1923-12-15 1924-12-01 Minami Manshu Tetsudo Kabushik Perfectionnements dans les séparateurs de poussières
FR2322661A1 (fr) * 1975-09-03 1977-04-01 Rochefoucauld Georges De Dispositif permettant d'eliminer des particules fines en suspension dans un gaz
JPS55109423A (en) * 1979-02-16 1980-08-22 Hitachi Ltd Mist recovery apparatus
JPS57165616A (en) * 1981-04-04 1982-10-12 Nippon Soken Inc Exhaust gas purifier for internal combustion engine

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1986003553A1 (fr) * 1984-12-13 1986-06-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Installation de depuration des gaz
EP0185966A1 (fr) * 1984-12-21 1986-07-02 BBC Brown Boveri AG Procédé et dispositif de dépoussiérage d'un courant de gaz contenant des particules solides ou liquides au moyen d'un champ électrique
US4734105A (en) * 1984-12-21 1988-03-29 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company Limited Process and device for the removal of solid or liquid particles in suspension from a gas stream by means of an electric field
EP0238970A1 (fr) * 1986-03-26 1987-09-30 BBC Brown Boveri AG Procédé et dispositif pour l'agglomération de particules solides ou fluides en suspension dans un courant gazeux, chargées électriquement de polarité opposée
US4765803A (en) * 1986-03-26 1988-08-23 Bbc Brown, Boveri Ag Method and device for agglomerating electrically nonuniformly charged-up solid or liquid particles suspended in gas streams
WO1991003631A1 (fr) * 1988-03-11 1991-03-21 Fleck Carl M Filtre a gaz d'echappement diesel
DE3815296A1 (de) * 1988-05-05 1989-11-16 Intospace Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum separieren von in gasen, in fluessigkeiten und/oder in oder an partikeln befindlichen substanzen
WO1995017239A1 (fr) * 1993-12-22 1995-06-29 Philips Electronics N.V. Appareil permettant d'enlever des particules d'un fluide
WO2003049866A1 (fr) * 2001-12-06 2003-06-19 Midwest Research Institute Procede et appareil electrostatiques d'agglomeration

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT8420553A0 (it) 1984-04-16
IT8420553A1 (it) 1985-10-16
DE3314168A1 (de) 1984-10-25
DE3314168C2 (de) 1986-07-24
EP0139668A1 (fr) 1985-05-08
IT1196084B (it) 1988-11-10

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